Overview of Kazakhstan's Digital Asset Taxation and Regulatory Policies

1. Country Overview

Kazakhstan is a republic that spans the Eurasian continent and gained independence in 1991. It is the largest landlocked country in the world, consisting of 14 provinces and 3 cities of republican significance. Kazakh and Russian are the official languages, and the legal currency is the tenge. Kazakhstan is one of the fastest-growing economies in Central Asia with a stable political situation. It is noteworthy that Kazakhstan is active in the field of Bitcoin mining, with several mining companies registered locally.

2. Definition of Digital Asset

According to Kazakhstan law, digital assets are properties created in electronic digital form with unique digital codes. They are not legal tender but can serve as a medium of exchange, unit of account, or means of saving. The trading and functions of digital assets are executed by user community agreements, which differ from legal tender and electronic money.

3. Tax Policy

Kazakhstan imposes various taxes on digital assets:

• Digital asset mining electricity tax: Starting from 2024, it will be standardized to 2 Tenge/kWh.
• Corporate Income Tax: Digital asset companies are subject to a 20% tax rate.
• Individual Income Tax: Residents 10%, Non-residents 20%
• Value-added tax: Digital asset transactions are exempt from value-added tax.

As of March 2025, 75 mining companies have registered in Kazakhstan, contributing 17.7 billion tenge in taxes over the past three years.

4. Regulatory Policies

Kazakhstan adopts an open and supportive attitude towards digital assets:

• Establish the Astana International Financial Centre and implement special financial legal systems.
• Establish the Astana Financial Services Authority to regulate activities related to digital assets.
• In 2023, the legal foundation for industry development was established through the "Digital Asset Law".
• Actively promote the construction of a regulatory framework and adopt a regional pilot strategy.

5. Latest Updates

Since 2025, Kazakhstan has accelerated the construction of the digital asset regulatory system.

• Promote the Digital Spear project, testing new applications of digital assets in payments.
• Plan to establish a broader infrastructure for the legal circulation of digital assets.
• Formulate new regulations, introduce digital financial assets, and promote asset tokenization.
• Establishing an innovation pilot zone CryptoCity to explore digital asset payments.
• Launch the "Crypto Card" project to integrate digital assets into the existing payment system.

Kazakhstan is striving to build a Central Asian digital financial hub, promoting the integration of digital assets into the national economy and enhancing international competitiveness.